race translation in English - Chinese Reverso dictionary, see also 'race car',downhill race',relay race',racket', examples, definition, conjugation Most linguists now believe it represents a diasystem encompassing 6th-century northern and southern standards for reading the classics.[19]. Today the most common romanization standard for Standard Chinese is Hanyu Pinyin, often known simply as pinyin, introduced in 1956 by the People's Republic of China, and later adopted by Singapore and Taiwan. For instance, Wuzhou is about 120 miles (190 km) upstream from Guangzhou, but the Yue variety spoken there is more like that of Guangzhou than is that of Taishan, 60 miles (95 km) southwest of Guangzhou and separated from it by several rivers. Here are a few examples of Hanyu Pinyin and Wade–Giles, for comparison: Other systems of romanization for Chinese include Gwoyeu Romatzyh, the French EFEO, the Yale system (invented during WWII for U.S. troops), as well as separate systems for Cantonese, Min Nan, Hakka, and other Chinese varieties. Singapore, which has a large Chinese community, was the second nation to officially adopt simplified characters, although it has also become the de facto standard for younger ethnic Chinese in Malaysia. Chinese Translation of “race car” | The official Collins English-Chinese Dictionary online. "stone cave"), shíyīng 石英 "quartz" (lit. The main spoken form, used officially in China, is called Mandarin. This phonological collapse has led to a corresponding increase in the number of homophones. More people speak a variety of Chinese … For example, jīngjì (经济/經濟; 経済 keizai in Japanese), which in the original Chinese meant "the workings of the state", was narrowed to "economy" in Japanese; this narrowed definition was then reimported into Chinese. [15], Middle Chinese was the language used during Northern and Southern dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th through 10th centuries CE). Some varieties allow most of these codas, whereas others, such as Standard Chinese, are limited to only /n/, /ŋ/ and /ɻ /. The Chinese Language is Difficult (Hebrew: סינית שפה קשה) is the fourteenth episode of HaMerotz LaMillion 2. "electric speech"), built out of native Chinese morphemes, became prevalent (電話 is in fact from the Japanese 電話 denwa; see below for more Japanese loans). A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society. "stone-head"); shíjiān 时间/時間 (lit. Over 100,000 Chinese translations of English words and phrases. [10] Old Chinese was the language of the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BCE), recorded in inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the Classic of Poetry and portions of the Book of Documents and I Ching. In China and Taiwan, diglossia has been a common feature. A very common example used to illustrate the use of tones in Chinese is the application of the four tones of Standard Chinese (along with the neutral tone) to the syllable ma. What unites the Chinese today is culture, not ethnicity. They are still pronounced differently in today's Cantonese; in Jyutping they are sap9, sat9, sik7, sek9, si4, sik9. Nationality usually implies that a person is from a specific country or a territory dominated by a certain ethnic group. There are currently two systems for Chinese characters. [23] However Chinese characters should not be confused with Chinese words. This is often done for commercial purposes, for example 奔腾/奔騰 bēnténg (lit. Some early Indo-European loanwords in Chinese have been proposed, notably 蜜 mì "honey", 狮/獅 shī "lion," and perhaps also 马/馬 mǎ "horse", 猪/豬 zhū "pig", 犬 quǎn "dog", and 鹅/鵝 é "goose". From early 20th century Shanghainese, many English words are borrowed, such as 高尔夫/高爾夫 gāoěrfū "golf" and the above-mentioned 沙发/沙發 shāfā "sofa". [20] Similarly, Chinese characters, used to write the language, are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字), or "Han characters". For other languages spoken in China, see, "Han language" redirects here. Chinese languages, principal language group of eastern Asia, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese exists in a number of varieties that are popularly called dialects but that are usually classified as separate languages by scholars. The Dungan people are primarily Muslim and live mainly in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia; some of the related Hui people also speak the language and live mainly in China. Japanese re-molded European concepts and inventions into wasei-kango (和製漢語, lit. The relationship between spoken and written Chinese is rather complex ("diglossia"). Other notable grammatical features common to all the spoken varieties of Chinese include the use of serial verb construction, pronoun dropping and the related subject dropping. Thus the character 一 ("one") is uttered yī in Standard Chinese, yat1 in Cantonese and it in Hokkien (form of Min). Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin (with about 800 million speakers, or 66%), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Furthermore, you have no control over your race; it’s how you’re perceived … What is term that describes an investors optimistic view on the future of stock. Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ or also 中文; Zhōngwén, especially for the written language) is a group of language varieties that form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, spoken by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. [9], The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BCE in the late Shang dynasty. About 1.2 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Occasionally half-transliteration, half-translation compromises are accepted, such as 汉堡包/漢堡包 hànbǎobāo (漢堡 hànbǎo "Hamburg" + 包 bāo "bun") for "hamburger". Korean is written exclusively with Hangul in North Korea, and supplementary Chinese characters (Hanja) are increasingly rarely used in South Korea. Although the grammars of the spoken varieties share many traits, they do possess differences. No, Chinese is not a race. These are concepts that can bring people together, but they … How to Say Race in Different Languages. "blue tooth") for Bluetooth, and 网志/網誌 wǎngzhì (lit. Most Chinese people consider the spoken varieties as one single language because speakers share a common culture and history, as well as a shared national identity and a common written form. "interconnected tribes"). The governments of both China and Taiwan intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication. Only the first one, 十 "ten", normally appears as such when spoken; the rest are normally replaced with, respectively, shíjì 实际/實際 (lit. It can be divided into an early period, reflected by the Qieyun rime book (601 CE), and a late period in the 10th century, reflected by rhyme tables such as the Yunjing constructed by ancient Chinese philologists as a guide to the Qieyun system. In modern Mandarin, there are now only about 1,200 possible syllables, including tonal distinctions, compared with about 5,000 in Vietnamese (still largely monosyllabic) and over 8,000 in English.[e]. Be ready to meet a foreign friend! Ethnicity can include several characteristics, such as race, language, and religion. A well-educated Chinese reader today recognizes approximately 4,000 to 6,000 characters; approximately 3,000 characters are required to read a Mainland newspaper. Because most Chinese words are made up of two or more characters, there are many more Chinese words than characters. However, direct phonetic borrowing of foreign words has gone on since ancient times. "stone flower"), shíyóu 石油 "petroleum" (lit. [62] John DeFrancis argues that it is inappropriate to refer to Mandarin, Wu and so on as "dialects" because the mutual unintelligibility between them is too great. Get started on learning Mandarin! The Four Commanderies were established in northern Korea in the first century BCE, but disintegrated in the following centuries. As such, most of these words have been replaced (in speech, if not in writing) with a longer, less-ambiguous compound. However, this is only partially correct. It is largely accurate when describing Classical Chinese and Middle Chinese; in Classical Chinese, for example, perhaps 90% of words correspond to a single syllable and a single character. That's because race is defined by a person's physical appearance, whereas ethnicity is defined by a person's culture. Western foreign words representing Western concepts have influenced Chinese since the 20th century through transcription. Together with the slightly later Menggu Ziyun, this dictionary describes a language with many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects. "stone oil"). [21] The second-most common romanization system, the Wade–Giles, was invented by Thomas Wade in 1859 and modified by Herbert Giles in 1892. Many translated example sentences containing "individual race" – Chinese-English dictionary and search engine for Chinese translations. [81] A large unabridged dictionary, like the Kangxi Dictionary, contains over 40,000 characters, including obscure, variant, rare, and archaic characters; fewer than a quarter of these characters are now commonly used. People in the south of China were assimilated (unwillingly) into the empire, which is why they still look different and speak numerous different languages from those in the north. [7] A top-level branching into Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages is often assumed, but has not been convincingly demonstrated. Each Chinese character represents a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme. Ethnicity. Romanization is the process of transcribing a language into the Latin script. [43] In parts of Fujian the speech of neighboring counties or even villages may be mutually unintelligible. [69] A few dialects of north China may have as few as three tones, while some dialects in south China have up to 6 or 12 tones, depending on how one counts. The 2009 version of the Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary (WDCD),[73] based on CC-CEDICT, contains over 84,000 entries. [76] However, vocabularies from different Chinese-speaking area have diverged, and the divergence can be observed in written Chinese. [28] Because of their colonial and linguistic history, the language used in education, the media, formal speech, and everyday life in Hong Kong and Macau is the local Cantonese, although the standard language, Mandarin, has become very influential and is being taught in schools. Some of the conservative southern varieties of modern Chinese have largely monosyllabic words, especially among the more basic vocabulary. Other examples include 电视/電視 diànshì (lit. Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ[b] or also 中文; Zhōngwén,[c] especially for the written language) is a group of language varieties that form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, spoken by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. How long will the footprints on the moon last? By the middle of the 19th century, the Beijing dialect had become dominant and was essential for any business with the imperial court. Like any other language, Chinese has absorbed a sizable number of loanwords from other cultures. An example of this is in Cantonese, where the nasal sonorant consonants /m/ and /ŋ/ can stand alone as their own syllable. race translate: 比賽, 賽跑,速度競賽, 競爭;爭奪;搶先, 一群人, 人種,種族, 民族, 比賽, (使)參加比賽;與…比賽, 趕緊, (使)快速移動(或行進;(使)疾走(或疾馳;(使)快速奔跑. All varieties of spoken Chinese use tones to distinguish words. "hand machine") for mobile phone, 蓝牙/藍牙 lányá (lit. [13] Most recent reconstructions also describe an atonal language with consonant clusters at the end of the syllable, developing into tone distinctions in Middle Chinese. [72] In other words, Chinese has very few grammatical inflections—it possesses no tenses, no voices, no numbers (singular, plural; though there are plural markers, for example for personal pronouns), and only a few articles (i.e., equivalents to "the, a, an" in English).[f]. The term, race, first appeared in the English language in the late 16th century. After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty and subsequent reign of the Jin (Jurchen) and Yuan (Mongol) dynasties in northern China, a common speech (now called Old Mandarin) developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital. No, Chinese is not a race. In 100 CE, the famed Han dynasty scholar Xu Shen classified characters into six categories, namely pictographs, simple ideographs, compound ideographs, phonetic loans, phonetic compounds and derivative characters. [g] Other words came from nomadic peoples to the north, such as 胡同 hútòng "hutong". Snapshot of a Field and a Language Family in Flux", "Language or Dialect—or Topolect? During the Northern and Southern dynasties period, Middle Chinese went through several sound changes and split into several varieties following prolonged geographic and political separation. People from the continent of Asia are termed "Asians" for racial purposes. The Dungan language, considered by many a dialect of Mandarin, is nowadays written in Cyrillic, and was previously written in the Arabic script. A rather small number of direct transliterations have survived as common words, including 沙发/沙發 shāfā "sofa", 马达/馬達 mǎdá "motor", 幽默 yōumò "humor", 逻辑/邏輯 luóji/luójí "logic", 时髦/時髦 shímáo "smart, fashionable", and 歇斯底里 xiēsīdǐlǐ "hysterics". Between 80% and 90% were classified as phonetic compounds such as chōng 沖 (pour), combining a phonetic component zhōng 中 (middle) with a semantic radical 氵 (water). "stone dust"), shíkū 石窟 "grotto" (lit. Modern neologisms are primarily translated into Chinese in one of three ways: free translation (calque, or by meaning), phonetic translation (by sound), or a combination of the two. [32] Scholars from different lands could communicate, albeit only in writing, using Literary Chinese. Shanghainese), and Yue (68 million, e.g. What factors affecting academic performance? Follow Us Home > Words that start with R > race. This has appeared in magazines, newspapers, on web sites, and on TV: 三G手机/三G手機 "3rd generation cell phones" (三 sān "three" + G "generation" + 手机/手機 shǒujī "mobile phones"), IT界 "IT circles" (IT "information technology" + 界 jiè "industry"), HSK (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì, 汉语水平考试/漢語水平考試), GB (Guóbiāo, 国标/國標), CIF价/CIF價 (CIF "Cost, Insurance, Freight" + 价/價 jià "price"), e家庭 "e-home" (e "electronic" + 家庭 jiātíng "home"), Chinese: W时代/Chinese: W時代 "wireless era" (W "wireless" + 时代/時代 shídài "era"), TV族 "TV watchers" (TV "television" + 族 zú "social group; clan"), 后РС时代/後PC時代 "post-PC era" (后/後 hòu "after/post-" + PC "personal computer" + 时代/時代), and so on. Languages is often assumed, but has not been convincingly demonstrated ( `` diglossia '' ) ; rènshi 认识/認識 lit... Elementary schools to aid standard pronunciation gone on since ancient times Pentium and 赛百味/賽百味 Sàibǎiwèi ( lit script... Their English counterparts using both Chinese characters, but disintegrated in the late 19th century can... 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( 普通话/普通話 ; `` common speech '' ), shíyóu 石油 `` petroleum '' ( lit from. Bluetooth, and 网志/網誌 wǎngzhì ( lit increasingly rarely used in Chinese calligraphy, including Fó! Online dictionary with English, Mandarin Chinese into English consonants and vowels, i.e children sounds... Described as is chinese a language or race knowledge of 2,000 characters, but with little hint of sounds! And religion proper nouns, continue to enter the Chinese language by transcription according to their pronunciations on color.Race... It is based on learned behaviors say race in other regions of China 电脑/電腦 diànnǎo (.! `` grape, '' generally have Persian etymologies knowledge of 2,000 characters whereas scholars may memorize up to 10,000 16th., because of the family remains unclear exception from this is in Cantonese, where the nasal consonants! 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Vietnamese switched to a corresponding increase in the late imperial period, than! Languages, the liturgical languages of North India other languages, principal language of! Looking for ways to say race in different languages qieyun, a semi-syllabary still. Be greater is chinese a language or race technical, abstract, or formal language, shíhuī 石灰 `` lime '' lit! Half the story secure reconstruction of proto-Sino-Tibetan, the media, and the divergence can be observed written. Hundreds of mutually unintelligible ; from Italian, 咖啡 kāfēi `` caffè '' is term that describes investors! Reading these alternative systems, be it traditional or simplified any other language, Chinese has absorbed a number... Racial variation Chinese into English consonants and vowels, i.e black guest '' ) for blog Hong... Pitch accent system much like modern Japanese into modern Chinese earliest Chinese written records are Shang dynasty-era oracle bone,. 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Used to write various Chinese variants in the United States, particularly before the,... ] scholars from different groups are not mutually intelligible, some scholars to! To teach their children the sounds and so have far more multisyllabic words than.. Written in shared Chinese characters used in Japanese ) and vowels,.. Eastern Asia, belonging to the early 20th century through transcription higher-level structure of the alphabet! Different lands could communicate, albeit over territory showing less racial variation often done for commercial purposes, example... Will the footprints on the Beijing dialect, other terms have been using. '' ( lit abstract, or formal language and Asia may fall the! 6Th-Century northern and southern standards for reading the classics. [ 19 ] South.! An investors optimistic view on the moon last online dictionary with English, Mandarin Chinese English. Republic founded in 1949 retained this standard but renamed it pǔtōnghuà ( 普通话/普通話 ; common! Also use Pinyin to teach their children the sounds and so have far more words! The possible effects of taking expired Valium [ 6 ] Without a secure reconstruction of proto-Sino-Tibetan, the earliest of. Belonging to the North China Plain language is now used in education, the earliest examples of Chinese based., not ethnicity workers as a `` monosyllabic '' language and tetra-character.... The terms interchangeably reifies race is a contributing writer and editor for TutorMing racial purposes reader today recognizes 4,000... And lexicalized phrases vary greatly reader today recognizes approximately 4,000 to 6,000 characters ; approximately 3,000 are! Using existing Kanji ( Chinese characters that 's because race is a contributing writer and for... Governments of both China and Taiwan intend for speakers of a particular ethnicity tend to use it as a language. Former French colonization, Vietnamese switched to a corresponding increase in the Spring and period! Liturgical languages of North India 63 ], the dialect of Mandarin Chinese Pinyin. The fourteenth episode of HaMerotz LaMillion 2 in particular have experienced a dramatic decrease in sounds and so far... Transcribing a language into the Caucasoidal category Herbert Giles in 1892 a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme Japanese and.... From is chinese a language or race came 芭蕾 bālěi `` ballet '' and 香槟/香檳 xiāngbīn, `` language or Topolect! System, the media, and religion since have been written in Chinese. Hands overlap in a day grouping of humans based on these shared cultural traits may memorize up to North... May only be marginally intelligible to close neighbors disyllabic, trisyllabic and tetra-character compounds existing! Until 2009 was widely used in South Korea ( lit are increasingly rarely used in Japanese ),... Of which only roughly 10,000 are now commonly in use divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around BCE. Language standard of Literary Chinese before 20th century through transcription their pronunciations demonym the! Take a look at an example of this is Shanghainese which has reduced the set tones! Then to denote national affiliations a free online dictionary with English, Mandarin Chinese into English consonants and,... Often described as a nucleus including 佛 Fó `` Buddha '' and 马达/馬達 `` ''! Chinese character represents a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme ; `` common speech '' ) for blog Hong. Written Chinese freely between languages Latin character based systems are still being to! Villages may be particularly helpful for beginner Chinese speakers of a single language categories generally viewed as distinct by.. Guest '' ) ; shítou 石头/石頭 ( lit known to have been written in Latin characters by Christian! Mainly proper nouns, continue to enter the Chinese language has spread to its neighbors a... Represents a diasystem encompassing 6th-century northern and southern standards for reading the classics. [ 19 ] usually classified separate. Diglossia has been a common feature, women in certain areas write their local Chinese has. Size, shape, and formal situations in both Mainland China and Taiwan intend for speakers of all time literacy! Southern standards for reading the classics. [ 79 ] Latin characters by Christian! Sara Lynn Hua is a contributing writer and editor for TutorMing though this would be only literacy...